पुरुषः स परः पार्थ भक्त्या लभ्यस्त्वनन्यया।
यस्यान्तःस्थानि भूतानि येन सर्वमिदं ततम्।।8.22।।
8.22 O son of Prtha, that supreme Person-in whom are included (all) the beings and by whom all this is pervaded-is, indeed, reached through one-pointed devotion.
8.22 That highest Purusha, O Arjuna, is attainable by unswerving devotion to Him alone within Whom all beings dwell and by Whom all this is pervaded.
8.22. The Supreme Soul. O son of Prtha, is attainable through devotion that admits no other things; having attained Which Soul, the men of Yoga do not get birth again; within Which exist the beings; and in Which everything is well established, O Arjuna !
8.22 पुरुषः Purusha? सः that? परः highest? पार्थ O Partha? भक्त्या by devotion? लभ्यः is attainable? तु verily? अनन्यया without another object (unswerving)? यस्य of whom? अन्तःस्थानि dwelling within? भूतानि beings? येन by whom? सर्वम् all? इदम् this? ततम् pervaded.Commentary All the beings (effects) dwell within the Purusha (the Supreme Person? the cause) because every effect rests within its cause. Just as the effect? pot? rests within its cause? the clay? so also all beings and the worlds rest within their cause? the Purusha. Therefore the whole world is pervaded by the Purusha.Sri Sankara explains exclusive devotion as Jnana or knowledge of the Self.Purusha is so called because everything is filled by It (derived from the Sanskrit root pur which means to fill) or because It rests in the body of all (derived from the Sanskrit root pur). None is higher than It and so It is the Supreme Person. (Cf.IX.4XI.38XV.6and7)
8.22 O son of Prtha, sah, that; parah purusah, supreme, unsurpassable Person-(the word purusa) derived in the sense of residing in the heart or all-pervasiveness; that Person, compared to whom there is nothing superior-; yasya, in whom, in which Person; antahsthani, are included; bhutani, (all) the beings which are Its products-for a product remains inherent in its cause; and yena, by whom, by which Person; tatam, is pervaded; sarvam, all; idam, this, the Universe, as pot etc. are by space; is tu, indeed; labhyah, reached; through ananyaya, one-pointed; bhaktya, through devotion, characterized as Knowledge; ananyaya, which is one pointed, which relates to the Self. The Northern Path meant for the attainment of Braman by the yogis under discussion, who have superimposed the idea of Brahman on the syllable Om and who are destined to get Liberation in due course, has to be stated. Hence, in order to present the intended idea the verse, (O best of the Bharata dynasty) of that time৷৷.at which, etc. is being recited. The description of the Path of Return (in verse 25) is by way of praising the other Path (of Departure, in verse 24):
8.22 Parah etc. upto pratisthitam. The Absolute (Vasudevatattva) of the above description is beyond the concept of Time Manifest : [because] It is immanent in all beings. In spite of being so, It is Unmanifest : because It is difficult to attain. That It is, however, attainable by means of devotion has also been made clear already. In This exists this universe which is [Its] perennial nature that remains always the same. Now, what is the meaning of the word, punah again and of the word avrtti returning ? This meaning certainly presupposes a conditon of disruption of ones own nature for sometime in the intervening period. The auspicious Supreme Lords real nature is His Absolute Freedom viz., the Supreme Consciousness that transcends the universe, yet remains identical with the universe, and serves as the basis of the universe; and It is perennial. Hence, it cannot be assumed that there was some disruption at any time for this real nature and that the Supreme Lord regained that nature. Hence it is rightly said Having attained Me etc. So far the behaviour of those persons who attain the Bhagavat by constant practice without much labour has been described. Now a difference that lies between those who, by departing, will (or attain) emancipation and those who will enjoyment [of mundane life], is described :
8.22 That Supreme Person has been declared in such texts as There is nothing higher than Myself, O Arjuna. All this is strung on Me, as rows of gems are on a thread (7.7), and Who am beyond them and immutable (7.13) - He is the Supreme Person in whom all beings abide and by whom all this is pervaded. He is to be attained by undivided devotion as described in Whose mind is not in anything else (8.14). Now, Sri Krsna teaches the path of light, described in the Srutis which is common to the knowers of the true nature of the self and to the persons who are devoted to the Supreme Person. The nature of this path is alified as one of non-return to Samsara. In the case of a person journeying through the path of light, as described in the text of the worship of Five Fires is as follows: So those who know It (i.e., the eternal nature of the individual self) thus, as taught in the Vidya of the Five Fires, and those too who worhip in the forest with faith and Tapas go to the deity ruling over the rays of light, and from there to the deity of the day (Cha. U., 5.10.1). The attainment of the Supreme Brahman and the non-return to birth are declared with reference to those who go by the path of light, etc., by the teaching that He the Supreme Being leads them to Brahman ৷৷. Those who reach by this path do not return to the (wordly) life of man (Cha. U., 4.15.5). This declaration of the goal in the text, Those who know it thus etc., is not with reference to the attainment of the Atman which constitutes ony the limb of the science of Brahman as taught in the beginning of Prajapatis teaching. For there will then arise purposelessness for the separate teaching of the same in regard to the principal science of the Supreme in the text. Those who are in the forest worship by means of faith and austerity etc., (Cha. U., 5.10.1). It is taught in the Vidya (meditation) of Five Fires: Thus, indeed, in the fifth oblation the waters become Purusa (Cha. U., 5.9.1) and Those with a balance of good Karmas ৷৷. and those with a balance of bad Karmas (Ibid., 5.10.7). What is to be understood here is that the state of existence as men and other beings, which has its origin in good and evil Karmas, refer to the waters which alone are mixed with other elements (i.e., to the body-mind); as for the self, there is only contact with them and not identification. Thus, is declared the difference between intelligent self and inanimate matter. Then, by the texts, Those who know this (Ibid., 5.10.1), Those who go to the rays of light (Ibid.), and They who proceed by it return not to the human condition here, it is instructed that those who know this concerning the sentient and inanimate entities - the one to be attained and the other to be rejected , they jourey along the path described by the terms beginning with light and do not return to Samsara. On account of the passage, He leads them to the Brahman (Ibid., 4.15.5), which holds that the Brahman is attained by both the knower of real nature of the self and the devotees of the Supreme Person and also because of the axiom of results according to efforts (Tat-kratu-nyaya), the entity self, separated from the inanimate matter, should be constantly meditated upon as having its sole joy in absolute subservience to the Supreme Brahman who is Its self. The selfs nature of finding only joy consists in absolute subservience to the Surpeme Person. This is proved from the Srutis like He who dwells within the self ৷৷. whose body is the self (Sa. Bra., 14.6.5.5.30).
That Supreme Person, who is just my amsa, cannot be known by other means, which have in them desires for karma or jnana yoga. As I previously said, ananya cetah satatam.
It has already been declared that the most direct and best possible means to attain the Supreme Lord is verily by bhakti or loving devotion and this point is again being reiterated by Lord Krishna. He is only attained by exclusive bhaktya labhyas tu ananyaya or unalloyed loving devotion from which is exclusively offered to Him free from any self motivated interests. This is the only way He is attainable and by no other means is attainment of the Supreme Lord possible. His paramount supremacy is being revealed by His being the cause of all beings in whom He is all pervasive and who are contained within Him.
Lord Krishna speaks of the Supreme Being as Purusa confirming form and personality.
The Supreme Purusa is He in whom all things reside and who resides in all things. He the Supreme Being is accessible only by bhakti or unadulterated loving devotion.
The Supreme Purusa is He in whom all things reside and who resides in all things. He the Supreme Being is accessible only by bhakti or unadulterated loving devotion.
Purushah sa parah paartha bhaktyaa labhyastwananyayaa; Yasyaantahsthaani bhootaani yena sarvamidam tatam.
puruṣhaḥ—the Supreme Divine Personality; saḥ—he; paraḥ—greatest; pārtha—Arjun, the son of Pritha; bhaktyā—through devotion; labhyaḥ—is attainable; tu—indeed; ananyayā—without another; yasya—of whom; antaḥ-sthāni—situated within; bhūtāni—beings; yena—by whom; sarvam—all; idam—this; tatam—is pervaded
