Bhagavad Gita Chapter 8 Verse 11 भगवद् गीता अध्याय 8 श्लोक 11 यदक्षरं वेदविदो वदन्ति विशन्ति यद्यतयो वीतरागाः। यदिच्छन्तो ब्रह्मचर्यं चरन्ति तत्ते पदं संग्रहेण प्रवक्ष्ये।।8.11।। English Translation - Swami Gambirananda 8.11 I shall speak to you briefly of that immutable Goal which the knowers of the Vedas declare, into which enter the deligent ones free from attachment, and aspiring for which people practise celibacy. English Translation - Swami Sivananda 8.11 That which is declared Imperishable by those who know the Vedas, that which the self-controlled (ascetics or Sannyasins) and passion-free enter, that desiring which celibacy is practised that goal I will declare to thee in brief. English Translation - Dr. S. Sankaranarayan 8.11. That Unchanging One which the Veda-knowers speak of; Which the passion-free ascetics enter into; seeking Which they practise celibacy (or spiritual life); that Goal together with means [to reach It] I shall tell you. English Commentary - Swami Sivananda 8.11 यत् which? अक्षरम् imperishable? वेदविदः knowers of the Vedas? वदन्ति declare? विशन्ति enter? यत् which? यतयः the selfcontrolled (ascetics or Sannyasins)? वीतरागाः freed from attachment? यत् which? इच्छन्तः desiring? ब्रह्मचर्यम् celibacy? चरन्ति practise? तत् that? ते to thee? पदम् goal? संग्रहेण in brief? प्रवक्ष्ये (I) will declare.Commentary The Supreme Being which is symbolised by the sacred monosyllable Om or the Pranava is the highest step or the supreme goal of man.The same ideas are expressed in the Kathopanishad. Yama (the God of Death) said to Nachiketas? The goal which all the Vedas speak of? which all penances proclaim and wishing for which they lead the life of celibacy? that goal (world) I will briefly tell thee. It is Om. Satyakama the son of Sibi estioned Pippalada? O Bhagavan? if some one among men meditates here until death on the syllable Om? what world does he obtain by that Pippalada replied? O Satyakama? the syllable Om is indeed the higher and the lower Brahman. He who meditates on the higher Purusha with this syllable Om of three Matras (units) is led up by the Samaverses to the Brahmaloka or the world of Brahma. (Prasnopanishad)Pranava or Om is considered either as an expression of the Supreme Self or Its symbol like anidol (Pratika). It serves persons of dull and middling intellects as a means for realising the Supreme Self.Chant Om three times at the commencement of your meditation you will find concentration of mind easier. English Translation of Sanskrit Commentary By Sri Shankaracharya's 8.11 Pravaksye, I shall speak; te, to you; samgrahena, briefly; tat, of that; which is called the aksaram, immutable-that whch does not get exhausted, which is indestructible; padam, Goal to be reached; yat, which; veda-vidah, the knowers of the Vedas, the knowers of the purport of the Vedas; vedanti, declare, speak of It as opposed to all alifications-It is neither gross nor minute (Br. 3.8.8) etc.-, in accordance with the Upanisadic text, O Gargi, the knowers of Brahman say this Immutable (Brahman) is that (ibid); and further, yat, into which, after the attainment of complete realization; visanti, enter; yatayah, the diligent ones, the monks; who have become vita-ragah, free from attachment; and icchantah, aspiring to know (-to know being supplied to complete the sense-); yat, which Immutable; people caranti, practise; brahmacaryam, celibacy-at the teachers house. Commencing with, O venerable sir, which world does he really win thery who, among men, intently meditates on Om in that wonerful way till death? To him he said, O Satyakama, this very Brahman that is (known as) the inferior and superior is but this Om (pr.5.1-2), it has been stated, Again, anyone who meditates on the supreme Purusa with the help of this very syllable Om, as possessed of three letters,৷৷.he is lifted up to the world of Brahma (Hiranyagarbha) by the Sama-mantras, (op.cit.5) etc. Again, beginning with (Tell me of that thing which you see as) different from virtue, different from vice, it has been stated, I tell you briefly of that goal which all the Vedas with one voice propound, which all the austerities speak of, and wishing for which people practise Brahmacarya: it is this, viz Om (Ka.1.2.14-15), etc. In the above otations, Om which is going to be spoken of is presented as a name of this supreme Brahman, and also as Its symbol like an image. This has been done as a means to meditation on it (Om) for the attainment of the supreme Brahman by poeple of low and mediocre intellect, in as much as this leads to Liberation in course of time. Here also that very meditation on Om in the manner stated above-which is the means of attaining the supreme Brahman introduced in, (He who meditates on) the Omniscient, the Ancient, and in, (I shall speak to you birefly of that immutable Goal) which the knowers of the Vedas declare, and which (meditation) leads to Liberation in due course [Realization of Brahman leads to immediate Liberation (sadyomukti, whereas meditation (contemplation, upasana) leads to gradual Liberation (krama-mukti).-Tr.]-has to be spoken of along with adherence to yoga as also whatever is connected directly or indirectly with it. For this purpose the following text is begun: English Translation of Commentary - Dr. S. Sankaranarayan 8.11 Yad aksaram etc. A means is called sangraha because by using this, the end is grasped i.e., determined. That Goal, together with means I shall tell you : Let me tell you now the means for [your] constant practice. English Translation of Ramanuja's Sanskrit Commentary 8.11 I shall show you briefly that goal which the knowers of the Veda call the imperishable, i.e., as endowed with attributes like non-grossness etc., - that imperishable which the ascetics freed from passion enter; that imperishable desiring to attain which men practise continence. What is attained by the mind as its goal is called pada. I shall tell you briefly My essential nature which is beyond all description and which is explained in the whole of Vedanta and which is to be meditated upon. Such is the meaning. Commentary - Chakravarthi Ji “Just by your mentioning that the yogi should concentrate the prana at the ajna cakra, I cannot understand this yoga. What is the manner of doing this yoga? What should be chanted? Upon what should one meditate? What is to be obtained by this yoga? Briefly you should tell me.” Krishna speaks three verses to answer him. Please listen as I describe what will be factually attained (padam) along with the method of attainment (sangrahena), that brahman which the knowers of the Veda call om (aksara), which the sannaysis attain. Rudra Vaishnava Sampradaya - Commentary Lord Krishna speaks this verse with a view to instruct how the preceding practice is based on the sacred syllable OM which is the personal, transcendental sound vibration of the Supreme Lord. The utilisation of the sacred OM mantra is a more direct means than the mere practice of directing the life force to the proper place in the physical body. The word aksaram means imperishable. The imperishable condition that adepts of Vedic scriptures describe as in the Brihadaranya Upanisad III.VIII.IX which states: Under the mighty control of this imperishable the sun and the moon are held coursing in their positions. Which aspirants is Lord Krishna referring to? Those aspirants who are striving, who have eradicated all desires, who have dedicated themselves to celibacy and the abstinent life with their spiritual preceptor. These aspirants are qualified to attain the ultimate goal. Lord Krishna speaks the word sangrahena or in summary meaning He will explain these things in brief revealing how to attain them. Brahma Vaishnava Sampradaya - Commentary The ultimate goal to be attained is explained by Lord Krishna in this verse. Since the aspirants attain that consciousness it is known as padam or state and once that state is reached it is designated by the word visanti meaning to enter. The Narada Purana states: That the ultimate goal to be attained is Lord Krishna is confirmed in the Vedic scriptures. Since that consciousness is achieved by the ascetics, it is known as padam. Now begins the summation. Brahmacarya or voluntary celibacy for spiritual purposes denotes attuning ones consciousness in full devotion to the Supreme Lord excluding everything else. Shri Vaishnava Sampradaya - Commentary Now Lord Krishna explains the other padam or state which is for those aspirants who wish for atma-tattva or realisation of the soul and the secure and permanent destination of moksa or liberation from material existence. This state is aksaram or imperishable. In the Brihadaranya Upanisad V.VIII.VIII beginning sahovacha-itad vai tad explains that this state is not material. It is that which the ascetics of the worlds attempt to gain access to. It is that ardent longing for which men strictly follow the vow of brahmacaryam or voluntary celibacy. Padam is that which one mentally proceeds to achieve the goal of their endeavours. Padyate is non- different from gamyate meaning that which is followed being the method adopted by the mind. The purport is that Lord Krishna is giving a brief description of the methodology by which an aspirant for atma-tattva and moksa must meditate on Him to achieve the ultimate goal they have envisioned. Meditation upon Lord Krishna in His aspect of aksaram or imperishable is described in the Brihadaranya Upanisad V.VIII.VIII-XI. Kumara Vaishnava Sampradaya - Commentary Now Lord Krishna explains the other padam or state which is for those aspirants who wish for atma-tattva or realisation of the soul and the secure and permanent destination of moksa or liberation from material existence. This state is aksaram or imperishable. In the Brihadaranya Upanisad V.VIII.VIII beginning sahovacha-itad vai tad explains that this state is not material. It is that which the ascetics of the worlds attempt to gain access to. It is that ardent longing for which men strictly follow the vow of brahmacaryam or voluntary celibacy. Padam is that which one mentally proceeds to achieve the goal of their endeavours. Padyate is non- different from gamyate meaning that which is followed being the method adopted by the mind. The purport is that Lord Krishna is giving a brief description of the methodology by which an aspirant for atma-tattva and moksa must meditate on Him to achieve the ultimate goal they have envisioned. Meditation upon Lord Krishna in His aspect of aksaram or imperishable is described in the Brihadaranya Upanisad V.VIII.VIII-XI. Transliteration Bhagavad Gita 8.11Yadaksharam vedavido vadantiVishanti yadyatayo veetaraagaah; Yadicchanto brahmacharyam charantiTatte padam samgrahena pravakshye. Word Meanings Bhagavad Gita 8.11yat—which; akṣharam—Imperishable; veda-vidaḥ—scholars of the Vedas; vadanti—describe; viśhanti—enter; yat—which; yatayaḥ—great ascetics; vīta-rāgāḥ—free from attachment; yat—which; ichchhantaḥ—desiring; brahmacharyam—celibacy; charanti—practice; tat—that; te—to you; padam—goal; saṅgraheṇa—briefly; pravakṣhye—I shall explain